Structural Engineering Library

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• ENERCALC Structural Engineering Library
• Introduction
  • Welcome
  • Warning & Disclaimer
  • License Agreement & Copyright
  • End of Service Policy
  • RetainPro Mode Limitations
  • ENERCALC for Revit
  • License Types
• Access to Cloud Version
• Installation (Not required to access cloud version)
• Activation (Not required to access cloud version)
  • Manual Activation
  • Moving your Activation
• Software Updates
  • Web Update
  • Update from Website
• Support & Maintenance
  • Subscription vs. Maintenance & Support Plan
  • Getting Assistance
  • Troubleshooting with the Browser Console
  • Viewing Enhancements and Changes to the Software
• Getting Started
  • System Overview & Design Philosophy
  • About Our Documentation
  • Building Codes Supported
  • Learning Structural Engineering Library
  • Introductory Videos
  • Request for Suggestions
• Program Overview
  • Introduction
  • Typical Worksession
  • Program Settings
  • Files
  • Projects Tab (Project Assistant)
  • Project Manager Tab
  • Current Calculation Tab
  • General Calculation Screen Usage
  • Databases
  • Generating Reports
  • 3D Renderings
  • Right-Click Context Menu for Tabular Results
• Main Menu
  • File
  • Settings
    • Default Values
    • Project File Backup Limits Walkthrough
  • Databases
    • Rolled Steel - AISC Database
    • Wood Section Database
    • Wood Reference Design Values Database
    • Masonry Database
    • Load Combination Database
    • Block & Geogrid Database
  • Tools
  • License
  • Help
• Project Manager
  • General Division
    • Building Code Information
    • Project Information
    • Client Information
    • Designer Notes
    • Revision List
    • Project Load Group Builder
  • Loads & Forces Divisions
  • Calculation List
    • Divisions
    • Adding, Deleting, Copying
    • Sorting by Division, Type & Material
    • Changing Calculation Order
    • Importing Calculations
  • Project Printing
• Sample Session
  • Starting the Program
  • Project Assistant
  • Creating a Project File
  • Entering Project Information
  • Setting up your Title Block
  • Adding a Calculation
  • Viewing the Calculation Screen
  • Changing the Default Values/Settings
  • Entering Data
  • Selecting Sections and Materials from Built-in Databases
  • Displaying a Sketch
  • Displaying Diagrams
  • Displaying a 3D Rendering
  • Automatic Member Section Selection
  • Printing a Calculation
  • Saving a Calculation
  • Editing a Division Name and Adding a New Division
  • Adding Another Calculation
  • Creating a Technical Support Question
  • Closing a Project File
• Calculation Modules
  • Linked Loads
    • Linked Loads Overview
    • Linked Load Module Support
    • Select a Calculation & Select a Reaction
      • Linking Reactions from Beams
      • Linking Reactions from Columns
    • Edit Link Settings
      • Link Settings for Beams
      • Link Settings for Columns
      • Link Settings for General Footings
    • Linked Reactions Table
      • Linked Reactions Table for Beams
      • Linked Reactions Table for Columns
      • Linked Reactions Table for General Footings
    • Status Badges and Linked Load Recalculation
  • Loads & Forces Divisions
    • ASCE Seismic Base Shear
    • ASCE 7-22 Seismic Base Shear
    • ASCE Seismic Demands on Nonstructural Components
    • ASCE 7-22 Seismic Demands on Nonstructural Components
    • ASCE Seismic Wall Anchorage
    • ASCE 7-22 Seismic Wall Anchorage
    • ASCE Wind Enclosure
    • ASCE 7-10/16 Wind Forces, Chapter 27, Part 1
    • ASCE 7-10/16 Wind Forces Chapter 28 and 30
    • ASCE 7-22 Wind Forces, Chapter 27 (Directional Procedure)
    • ASCE 7-22 Wind Forces, Chapter 28 (Envelope Procedure)
    • ASCE 7-22 Wind Forces, Chapter 30, Part 1 (Components & Cladding)
    • IBC Alternate All-Heights Wind Method
    • ASCE Snow Loads
    • ASCE 7-22 Snow Loads
    • ASCE Live and Roof Live Load Reduction
    • ASCE 7-22 Live and Roof Live Load Reduction
    • Project Load Group Builder
  • Analysis
    • ENERCALC 3D
      • License Agreement
      • Terms and Conventions
      • Related Links
      • Introduction
        • Graphical User Interface (GUI)
        • Spreadsheet Navigation
      • Ribbons
        • Right-click Menu
        • Quick Access Toolbar
          • Pan
          • Rotate
          • Zoom
          • Restore Model
          • Node Display Options
          • Member Display Options
          • Shell Display Options
          • Display Options
          • Clear All Display Options
          • Isometric (and other) View
        • Quick Access Tab
          • Save
          • Save & Close
          • Close without Saving
          • Undo
          • Redo
          • Static Analysis
          • Node Display Options
          • Member Display Options
          • Shell Display Options
          • Display Options
          • Clear All Display Options
          • Query
          • Hide Selected
          • Hide All Except Level
          • Hide All Except Plane
          • Show All
          • Toggle Grid Display
          • Pan
          • Zoom
          • Rotate
          • Restore Model
        • File
          • Save Only
          • Save & Close
          • Close without Saving
          • General Information
          • Model Statistics
          • DXF Options
            • Import from DXF
            • Export to DXF
          • View Log File
        • Create
          • Nodes
          • Members
          • Shells
          • Bricks
          • Boundary Conditions
            • Support
            • Inclined Roller
            • Springs
          • Constraints
            • Diaphragms
            • Coupled Springs
            • Generic Constraints
            • Equal Constraints
          • Model Generators
            • 2D Truss/Frame
            • Rectangular Frames
            • Cylindrical Frames
            • Rectangular Shells
            • Circular Shells
            • Arc Members
            • Non-Prismatic Members
            • Rectangular Tank
          • Entities from other Entities
            • Nodes from Grid
            • Members by Nodes
            • Shells by Nodes
            • Bricks by Nodes
          • Grids & Snaps
            • Drawing Grid Setup
            • Toggle Grid Display
            • Snap to Points
            • Perpendicular Point
            • Clear Snap Points
          • Member Properties
            • Member Properties
            • Materials
            • Sections
            • Local Angles
            • Moment Releases
            • Tension/Compression Only
            • Cracking Factors
            • Rigid Offsets
          • Shell Properties
            • Shell Properties
            • Materials
            • Thicknesses
            • Element Local Angles
          • Story Drift Nodes
          • Named Selection
          • Levels
          • Draw Loads
            • Nodal Loads
            • Point Loads
            • Line Loads
            • Area Loads
            • Surface Loads
            • Thermal Loads
            • Self Weights
            • Self Weight Exclusion
          • Generate Loads
            • Fluid Loads
            • Pattern Loads
            • Moving Loads
            • Copy Load Case
            • Convert Area Loads to Line Loads
            • Convert Local Loads to Global Loads
            • Additional Masses
            • Response Spectra Library
          • Load Cases
          • Load Combinations
          • Line Select
          • Window/Point Select
          • Select
            • Select Nodes
            • Select Members
            • Select Shells
            • Select Bricks
            • Select All
            • Unselect All
          • Select by Properties
            • Select by Materials
            • Select by Member Sections
            • Select by Member Orientations
            • Select Tension/Compression Only Members
            • Select by Shell Thickness
            • Select Orphaned Nodes
            • Select Elements with Self Weight Excluded
            • Select Inactive Elements
            • Select Elements by Nodes
            • Select by Coordinates
            • Select by Selection Names
            • Select by RC Beam Design Criteria
            • Select by RC Column Design Criteria
            • Select by RC Plate Design Criteria
            • Select by Steel Design Criteria
            • Select by Unity Check Ratios
          • Invert Selection
        • Advanced Meshing
          • Add Region
          • Add Hole
          • Add Internal Points
          • Add Tree
          • Edit Region
          • Edit Hole
          • Edit Internal Points
          • Edit Tree
          • Delete Region
          • Delete Hole
          • Delete Internal Points
          • Delete Tree
          • Clear Mesh Model
          • Load Mesh Model from File
          • Save Mesh Model to File
          • Activate Regions
          • Generate Mesh
          • Generate Mesh from File
          • View Mesh Model
          • Annotate Mesh Model
        • Modify
          • Lock Model
          • Copy
          • Array
          • Mirror
          • Move Origin
          • Move
          • Rotate
          • Scale
          • Delete
          • Extrude
            • Extrude Nodes to Members
            • Extrude Members to Shells
            • Extrude Shells to Bricks
          • Revolve
            • Revolve Members to Shells
            • Revolve Shells to Bricks
          • Split
            • Split Members
            • Insert Nodes at Intersections of Selected Members
            • Split Selected Members at Nodes
          • Member Properties
            • Member Properties
            • Materials
            • Sections
            • Element Local Angles
            • 3-Point Member Orientation
            • Moment Releases
            • Tension/Compression Only
            • Convert Selected Members to Rigid Links
            • Cracking Factors
            • Rigid Offsets
          • Shell Properties
            • Shell Properties
            • Materials
            • Thicknesses
            • Element Local Angles
            • Match Local x-Axes with Source
            • Match Local z-Axes with Source
            • Align Local z-Axes with Reference Point
            • Align Local y-Axes with Reference Point
          • Sub-Mesh Shells
          • Renumber
            • Auto Renumber All Nodes
            • Renumber Selected Nodes
            • Renumber Selected Members/Shells/Bricks
          • Switch Coordinates
          • Reverse Node Order for Selected Elements
          • Merge All Nodes & Elements
          • Remove All Orphaned Nodes
          • Element Activation
        • View
          • Drawing Grids
            • Drawing Grid Setup
            • Toggle Grid Display
          • Redraw
          • Restore Model
          • Preset Views
          • Named Views
          • Zoom Extent
          • Zoom Window
          • Zoom Object
          • Zoom Previous
          • Zoom In
          • Zoom Out
          • Pan
            • Pan Left
            • Pan Right
            • Pan Up
            • Pan Down
            • Pan Screen
          • Rotate
            • Rotate +X
            • Rotate -X
            • Rotate +Y
            • Rotate -Y
            • Rotate +Z
            • Rotate -Z
          • Pan
          • Zoom
          • Rotate
          • Load Diagram
          • Query
          • Measure
          • Render Options
          • Quick Render
          • Diaphragm Render
          • Global Axes
          • Contour Legend
          • Comment
          • Hide Selected
          • Hide All Except Level
          • Hide All Except Plane
          • Show All
          • Display Options
        • Tables
          • The "Fill Down" Command
          • Show Data for Selected Entities Only
          • Materials
          • Sections
          • Thicknesses
          • Nodes
          • Members
          • Shells
          • Bricks
          • Supports
          • Springs
            • Nodal Springs
            • Line Springs
            • Surface Springs
          • Member Releases
          • Diaphragms
          • Multi-DOF Constraints
          • Load Cases
          • Load Combinations
          • Nodal Loads
          • Point Loads
          • Line Loads
          • Area Loads
          • Surface Loads
          • Self Weights
          • Thermal Loads
            • Member Thermal Loads
            • Shell Thermal Loads
            • Brick Thermal Loads
          • Masses
            • Calculated Masses
            • Additional Masses
          • Response Spectra Library
          • Story Drift Nodes
          • Comments
        • Analysis
          • Analysis Options
          • Static Analysis
          • Frequency Analysis
          • Response Spectrum Analysis
          • View Log File
        • Analysis Results
          • Show Results for Selected Entities Only
          • Results Load Combination
          • Nodal Displacements
          • Story Drifts
          • Support Reactions
          • Nodal Spring Reactions
          • Line Spring Reactions
          • Surface Spring Reactions
          • Multi-DOF Constraint Forces & Moments
          • Member End Forces & Moments
          • Member Segmental Results
          • Shell Forces, Moments & Stresses
            • Shell Forces & Moments
            • Shell Principal Forces & Moments
          • Shell Stresses [Top & Bottom]
          • Shell Principal Stresses
          • Shell Nodal Resultants
          • Bricks
            • Brick Stresses
            • Brick Principal Stresses
          • Dynamics
            • Eigenvalues
            • Eigenvectors
            • Mode Participation Factors
            • Modal Displacements SX, SY and SZ
            • Inertial Forces SX, SY and SZ
            • Modal Nodal Displacements
            • Modal Support Reactions
            • Modal Nodal, Line and Surface Spring Reactions
            • Modal Multi-DOF Constraint Forces & Moments
            • Modal Member End Forces & Moments
            • Modal Member Segmental Results
            • Modal Shell Forces & Moments
            • Modal Brick Stresses
            • Modal Base Shears
          • Shear & Moment Diagram
          • Deflection Diagram
          • Contour Diagram
          • Mode Shape
          • Response Animation
        • Concrete Design
          • RC Materials
          • RC Model Design Criteria
          • RC Design Criteria
            • RC Beam Design Criteria
            • RC Column Design Criteria
            • RC Plate Design Criteria
          • Exclude Concrete Elements
          • Cracking Factors
          • RC Design Properties
            • RC Beam Design Properties
            • RC Column Design Properties
            • RC Plate Design Properties
          • RC Member Input
          • RC Plate Input
          • Perform Concrete Design
          • Concrete Design Output
            • RC Analysis Envelope
            • RC Beam Results
            • RC Column Results
            • Member Shear Results
            • Wood-Armer Moments
            • RC Plate Results
          • Flexural/Axial Interaction
            • Sections
            • P-Mx (+)
            • P-Mx (-)
            • P-My (+)
            • P-My (-)
            • P-Mx-My
            • Print Diagrams
          • Concrete Design Diagrams
            • RC Member Envelope Diagram
            • RC Plate Envelope Contour
          • Concrete Design Tools
            • Rebar Database
            • K Calculator
            • Quick R-Beam Flexural Design
            • Quick T-Beam Flexural Design
          • Unity Check
        • Steel Design
          • Steel Materials
          • Steel Design Criteria
            • Steel Design Criteria
            • Steel Member Design Criteria
            • Steel Section Pool
            • Exclude Steel Elements
          • Steel Member Design Properties
          • Steel Member Input
          • Perform Steel Design
          • Steel Design Results
          • Steel Design Tools
            • K Calculator
            • Steel Section Check
            • Steel Section Design
          • Unity Check
        • Reporting
          • Print Text Report
          • Print Envelope Report
          • Print Current View
          • Print Options
          • Print RC Report
          • Print Steel Design Report
        • Settings & Tools
          • New Window
          • Tile Horizontal
          • Tile Vertical
          • Cascade
          • Clear Undo & Redo
          • Clear Results
          • Clear Everything
          • Unit Conversion
          • Calculator
          • Text Editor
          • Copy Command History
          • Clear Command History
          • Toolbar
          • Units & Precisions
          • Data Options
          • Graphic Scales
          • Colors
          • Preferences
        • Help
          • Online User's Manual
          • User's Manual PDF
          • Technical Support
          • Upload Model to Support
          • Online Training Manual
          • Training Manual PDF
          • Training Videos
          • Verification Manual
          • Release Notes
          • About ENERCALC 3D
          • Sign Conventions
            • Beam Forces & Moments
            • Shell Forces & Moments
      • Toolbars
        • Input/Output Toolbar
        • Status Bar
      • Coordinate Systems
        • Global Coordinate System
        • Local Coordinate Systems - General
        • Member Local Coordinate System
        • Four-Node Shell Local Coordinate System
        • Eight-Node Brick Local Coordinate System
      • Nodes
        • Nodal Coordinates
        • Degrees of Freedom (DOFs)
        • Node Numbers
        • Loads
        • Supports
        • Springs
      • Members
        • Member Sections
        • Local Coordinate System
        • Member Numbers
        • Beams vs. Trusses
        • Elastic Stiffness Matrix
        • Geometric Stiffness Matrix
        • Moment Releases
        • Tension/Compression-Only
        • Rigid Links
        • Rigid Diaphragms
        • Loads
        • Line Springs
        • Internal Forces and Moments
      • Shells
        • Shell Thicknesses
        • Local Coordinate System
        • Shell Numbers
        • Element In-Plane Stiffness Matrix
        • Element Out-of-Plane Stiffness Matrix
        • Combining Element In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Stiffness Matrices
        • Loads
        • Surface Springs
        • Internal Forces or Moments
        • Membrane Nodal Resultants
      • Bricks
        • Local Coordinate System
        • Brick Numbers
        • Element Stiffness Matrix
        • Loads
        • Internal Stresses
      • Static Analysis
        • Load Cases and Load Combinations
        • Linear, Non-linear Static Analyses
        • P-Delta (P-Δ) vs. P-delta (P-δ)
        • Solution Algorithm
        • Solution Accuracy and Stability
      • Frequency Analysis
        • Solution Algorithm
        • Mass and Stiffness
        • Solution Convergence
      • Response Spectrum Analysis
      • Concrete Design – ACI 318-02/05/08/11/14
        • Concrete Column Design
        • Concrete Beam Design
        • Concrete Slab/Wall Design
      • Steel Design
        • Section Orientation
        • Member Internal Forces and Moments
        • Solution Algorithms
      • References
      • Appendix
        • Unit Conversions
        • Designations, diameters and areas of standard bars
    • 2D Frame
      • General
        • Frame Wizard
      • Joints & Joint Loads
        • Joint Data
        • Joint Loads
        • Joint Results
      • Members & Member Loads
        • Member Data
        • Member Loads
        • Member Forces
      • Sections & Materials
        • Section Data
        • Material Data
      • Load Combinations
      • Wood Design
      • Results
        • Extreme Values
        • Joint Displacements & Reactions
        • Member End Forces
        • Member Details
        • Member Check Results
        • Sign Convention
      • Frame Sketch
      • Diagrams
      • Reports
    • Torsional Analysis of Rigid Diphragm
      • Torsional Analysis of Rigid Diaphragm Theory
    • General Section Property Calculator
    • General Beam Analysis
  • Beams
    • Multiple Simple Beam
    • Steel Beam
    • Composite Steel Beam
    • Steel Beam with Torsional Loads
    • Concrete Beam
    • Masonry Beam
    • Wood Beam
    • Wood Ledger
    • Flitch Plated Wood Beam
  • Columns
    • All Columns
      • Column Slenderness
      • Beam Stability (in Steel Column and Wood Column modules)
    • Steel Column
    • Wood Column
    • Concrete Column
      • Sign Convention for Concrete Column
    • Masonry Column
  • Foundations
    • General Footing
    • General Footing by FEM
    • Wall Footing
    • Combined Footing
    • Beam on Elastic Foundation
    • Pole Footing Embedded in Soil
    • Pile Group Analysis
    • Point Load on Slab
  • Walls
    • Slender Walls
      • Concrete Slender Wall
      • Masonry Slender Wall
    • Shear Walls
      • Concrete Shear Wall
      • Masonry Shear Wall
      • Wood Shear Wall
        • Aspect Ratio Adjustment Options
  • Earth Retention
    • All Retaining Walls
      • General Tab
        • General Data
        • Soil Values
        • Use of Vertical Component (Not in Restrained Retaining Wall module)
      • Loads Tab
        • Loads
        • Seismic Loads
      • Stem Tab
        • Stem Tab for Cantilevered Retaining Wall
          • Summary Section of Stem Tab
        • Stem Tab for Tapered Stem Retaining Wall
        • Stem Tab for Gravity Retaining Wall
        • Stem Tab for Restrained Retaining Wall
      • Footing Tab
        • Footing Design Sub-tab
        • Key Design & Sliding Options
        • Pier Design
      • Load Factors
      • Results Tabs
        • Summary
        • Sliding > Resisting Forces
        • Sliding > Sliding Forces
        • Overturning > Resisting Moments
        • Overturning > Overturning Moments
        • Global Stability
        • Wall Tilt
        • Stem Design Values
      • Stability Tab (Restrained Walls only)
      • Construction Tab
      • Wall Loading Tab
      • Methodology / Analysis & Design Assumptions
    • Gabion Retaining Wall
      • Methodology / Analysis & Design Assumptions
    • Soldier Pile Retaining Wall
      • General Tab
      • Lateral Earth Pressure Tab
      • Lagging Tab
      • Results Tabs
        • Summary Tab
        • Construction Tab
        • Wall Loading Tab
        • Soil Pressure Reference
        • Solver Results
      • Methodology / Analysis & Design Assumptions
    • Segmental Retaining Walls
      • Segmental Wall Overview
      • Design Assumptions for Geogrid Reinforced Segmental Walls
      • Design Assumptions for Gravity Segmental Retaining Walls
      • Design Parameters Tab
      • Loads Tab
      • Geogrid Reinforced Segmental Retaining Walls
        • Block & Geogrid Data Tab (for Geogrid Reinforced Walls)
        • Results Tab (for Geogrid Reinforced Walls)
        • External Stability Tab (for Geogrid Reinforced Walls)
        • Internal Stability Tab (for Geogrid Reinforced Walls)
        • Construction Tab (for Geogrid Reinforced Walls)
      • Gravity Segmental Retaining Walls
        • Block & Geogrid Data Tab for Gravity Walls
        • Results Tab (for Gravity Segmental Retaining Walls)
        • External Stability Tab (for Gravity Segmental Retaining Walls)
        • Internal Stability Tab (for Gravity Segmental Retaining Walls)
        • Construction Tab (for Gravity Segmental Retaining Walls)
      • Methodology / Analysis & Design Assumptions
  • Miscellaneous
    • Steel Base Plate FEM
    • Steel Base Plate
    • Steel Bolt Group Analysis
    • Rebar Development Table
  • External Items
    • Relating an External Item to a Project File
    • Limitations of Working with External Items
    • Scanned Document
• Appendices
  • Appendix A - Table of Horizontal Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcing
  • Appendix B - Development and Lap Lengths
  • Appendix C - Masonry Wall Weights & Section Properties
  • Appendix D - Summary of Concrete & Masonry Design Formulas
  • Appendix E - References Used For The Development Of This Program
  • Appendix F - Rankine and Coulomb Formulas

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